Application of a conceptual runoff model in different physiographic regions of Switzerland
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this analysis, a semi-distributed conceptual runoff model was applied in five basins varying in area between 43 and 195 km, lying in different physiographic regions of Switzerland (lowland, alpine, heavily glaciated high alpine basins) representing various runoff regimes. An objective, labour-intensive optimization procedure was developed and found suitable for deriving optimal parameter values. A separate calibration procedure was employed in the heavily glaciated basin, as glacier mass balance data measured at different elevations were deemed very helpful for finding plausible parameter values. The results show that this conceptual runoff model can be successfully applied in various physiographic regions, without structural changes, to calculate daily discharge. However, no conclusive relationships between parameter values and basin characteristics could be found. One reason may be that the investigated sample was too small. It is also felt that the inherent structure of this type of conceptual model is not suited to relating parameter values representing lumped model characteristics with physical basin characteristics. The advantages of conceptual models are such that they can be readily applied in various physiographic regions and therefore constitute a valuable tool for operational hydrology. Application d'un modèle conceptuel d'écoulement à différentes régions physiographiques de la Suisse Résumé Pour cette analyse, on a utilisé un modèle conceptuel de l'écoulement semi-distribué, utilisé pour cinq bassins versants variants de 43 à 195 km, situés dans différentes régions physiographiques de Suisse (bassins de plaine, alpin, et de haute montagne fortement glacé) représentant plusieurs régimes de cours d'eau. Une procédure d'optimalisation objective et laborieuse a été mise au point, jugée adaptée pour obtenir les valeurs optimales des paramètres. Une autre procédure de calibration a été utilisée pour le bassin fortement englacé, étant donné que les données du bilan de masse des glaciers mesurés à différentes altitudes se sont révélées très utiles pour déterminer des valeurs de paramètres plausibles. Les résultats montrent que ce modèle conceptuel peut être appliqué avec succès dans diverses régions physiographiques sans modifier sa structure pour le calcul journalier du débit. Cependant, aucune relation définitive n'a pu être établie entre les valeurs des paramètres et les caractéristiques des bassins. Une des raisons est que l'échantillon étudié est trop petit, mais probablement la structure de ce type de modèle n'est pas appropriée pour relier les valeurs des paramètres représentant les caractéristiques des éléments du modèle avec les caractéristiques du bassin géographique. L'avantage du modèle conceptuel est qu'il peut être rapidement utilisé Open for discussion until I December 1992 218 L. N. Braun & C. B. Rentier dans différentes régions physiographiques et constitue ainsi un instrument utile pour l'hydrologie opérationnelle.
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